Short Report of Review on Sustainability Disclosure Essay

To: Finance Director Subject: Short report of review on sustainability disclosure There is a growing trend among companies to disclose and report their social and environmental impacts not only concerned with the financial performance of a company but its impact on society and environment. Thus, sustainability becomes an important issue. Sustainability is the capacity to endure and is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which included environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It is mandatory for a company to disclose its sustainability information. In addition , the sustainability disclosure is based on a theory called system-oriented theory, which includes three aspects:stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and†¦show more content†¦Managerial branch seeks to explain and predict how an organization will react to the demands of various stakeholder groups. Management will respond to the information demands of stakeholders perceived as being powerful. The greater the importance of the stakeholders, the greater will be the expectation that the management will take action to manage the relationship with stakeholders. AGL shareholders were paid dividends totaling 60.0 cents per share for the full financial year 2011, and increase of 1.0 cent per share, or 1.7%, on the financial year 2010. [pic] Legitimacy Theory Legitimacy theory posits that organizations seek to ensure that they operate within the bounds and norms of their respective societies; that is they attempt to ensure that their activities are perceived by outside parties to be legitimate. This theory relies on the notion that there is a social contract between an organization and the society in which it operates. AGL is Australias leading renewable energy company and is Australias largest private owner, operator and developer of renewable generation assets. It is taking action towards creating a sustainable energy future for our investors, communities and customers. AGLs goal is to invest in cleaner energy forms to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of energy across the supply chain and achieve excellently environmental managementShow MoreRelatedThe Standards Of Behavior Team Energy1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthings right while promoting sustainable development in the country. This resulted to TeaM Energy’s first sustainabili ty report in 2009 which fulfilled the requirement of GRI-G3 guidelines at Application Level C (self-declared). The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a global standard in sustainability reporting and according to the guidelines the report accuracy and veracity of the report must be based on test criteria to assess the reporting organization’s performance. The company has taken partRead MoreCsr And Its Impact On Sustainability1017 Words   |  5 PagesCountless corporations understand the need for CSR and claim to have sustainable strategies in place, but are the strategies real or is it a facade? 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Excessive Alcohol Consumption--its Effects And Social Accept

Excessive Alcohol Consumptionamp;#8212; Its Effects and Social Acceptance nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rumors and old wivesamp;#8217; tales such as stress makes women heavier drinkers, divorce prompts heavy alcohol use, people drive better when they are drinking, and teenagers are the main group of drunk drivers, are being thrown at todayamp;#8217;s society left and right in an effort to blame the other guy. With all the talk about alcohol use and abuse these days, people are lost between fact and fiction. All of this tossed in with the truth leads to confusion where most of society is torn between tradition and personal beliefs. Alcohol is a destructive drug that can lead to addiction, arrest, illness, and even death; all of these†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although studies show that alcohol consumed in small amounts can actually help the body remain healthy by stimulating cell functions, heavy or chronic use produces an opposite, suppressive effect on cell production (Wolfgan 3-4). Excessive usage can cause damage to many areas of the body, including the liver, the heart, and the brain. The liver is the primary target because it deals directly with the metabolism of alcohol. And even though light use of alcohol has been shown to help prevent coronary artery disease, prolonged use causes many problems for the heart and brain, which are the next two hardest hit organs. Heart disease, heart failure, stroke, high blood pressure, and neuropsychological disorders are among the worst consequences (Wolfgan 5). Also, taking depressants or tranquilizers while drinking can cause death (Fettner 276). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alcohol does not only affect its immediate users, either; it may also affect the offspring of chronic users. Exposure in prenatal and early postnatal development shows an increased risk of disrupt in development or damage to the immune system. The most severe defect resulting from prenatal alcohol consumption, however, is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), characterized by many behavioral problems (Wolfgan 7). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Several types of violence, including homicides, suicides,Show MoreRelatedAlcohol Consumption in the US Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesBinge drinking and alcohol consumption amongst US college students and US adults has proven that it is extremely dangerous and is responsible for many deaths. 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Addictive behaviors are harmful not only because they are damaging physically and psychologically, but because of how society treats the addicted individuals through their definitions and rationalization ofRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Academic Achievement2319 W ords   |  10 Pagesasked; why young adults of this age find it necessary to binge drink and also what the effects of this is on their academic achievement. According to the research conducted for this report, there is most definitely a connection between Alcohol and Academic achievement and based on the websites studied there are three areas where alcohol affects student’s grades: Firstly, drinking excessively has a negative effect on class attendance and therefore leads to the students falling behind in their studies

Trade and Environment Law for Rio Declaration - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTrade and Environment Law for Rio Declaration. Answer: Introduction Rio Declaration, or is fully referred to as the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, was a very short document which had been produced back in 1992 at the UNCED, i.e. the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which is also referred o as Earth Summit. This declaration covered 27 distinctive principles which had the intention of guiding the different countries in future sustainable development. This declaration had been signed by more than 170 nations. The significance of Rio Declaration lies in the rising awareness regarding the environment before the world. Through this declaration, remarkable efforts were placed in scientific contributions which acted as a catalyst in the environmental movement[1]. Principle 2 of Rio Declaration is the prevention principle, which in many ways, is the foundational principle of this declaration. This discussion is focused on highlighting principle 2 of this declaration, along with the manner in which this principle helps in solving the global environmental problems. In doing so, the discussion would elucidate principle 2 of this declaration, along with the role played by it. The discussion would then transcend to the manner in which this principle helps in solving environmental problems. In doing all this, reference would be made to the two leading cases of Trail Smelter Arbitration Arbitral Trib.[2] and Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania)[3]. Contents of principle This declaration gives the principles which recognize the significance of environment preservation and puts forth the global guidelines for doing this. It presents the standards which the member nations of UN have to follow in creating their domestic and international environmental policies, and is also the basis of forming agreements as it relates to conservation and environment[4]. Principle 2 of this declaration provides that as per the UN Charter and the international law principles, the states have the sovereign right of exploiting their resources, based on their environmental and developmental policies. It further states that the states have the duty of making certain that the activities in their jurisdiction or under their control are not damaging the environment of other states or of such areas which are out of their national jurisdiction limits[5]. This prevention principle has three key components. These three are sovereignty over the natural resources, preventing transboundary environmental harm and preventing environmental harm which is beyond the natural jurisdiction. The sovereign dimension links this principle to the principle covered under Principle 3 which is of right of development, along with linking it to development set, in which the prevention dimension brings the intergeneration equity aspect covered under principle 3 together and also the principle 4, resulting in creation of environment set. There is a trend being seen in the prevention dimension being understood as a due diligence duty, in context of the environment, despite the location, which also includes the purely domestic activities. This principle presents that the states have to prevent damage to the environment and also have to work on reducing, controlling and limiting such activities which pose a risk of such damage or do actually cause damage[6]. A key point which has to be noted down regarding this principle is that principle 2 reflects customary international law, and yet it is not decisive. Regarding the activities which cause environmental degradation or pollution, this principle shoes the requirement of addressing other questions. For instance, what exactly is environmental damage, and what are the prohibited environmental damages. The responsibility imposed on the states to refrain from causing environmental damages in the areas which are out of their jurisdiction predates Stockholm Conference. Further, it is related to the states obligation of protecting the rights of other states within the territory, particularly the right of integrity and inviolability in war and peace. This obligation had been relied by arbitral tribunal in the often cited Trial Smelter case. In this case, it was provided that under the principles of international law, there was no such state which had the right of allowing the use of territory or using territory in a way which results in injury by fumes in another persons territory, where the case revolves around injury and serious results established through convincing and clear evidence[7]. The majority of writers have accepted this particular formulation as being a rule of customary international law. The example of this is the conclusion of Rapporteur of ILA Committee on the Legal Aspects of Environment after examining the state practice based on rule drawn in Trail Smelter case. This had also been cited by Judge de Castro, with apparent approval, in the dissenting statement made in the Nuclear Tests case[8]. In this particular case, ICJ had been asked by Australia to declare that carrying further atmospheric nuclear tests was no consistent with the rules which were applicable in the international law. Thus, it would have been unlawful so far it covers modification of physical condition over and of territory of Australia, along with the resources of seas and pollution of atmosphere. The precautionary principle is not something which has been present in the global environmental laws since a long time. Even then, it is a principle which has attained prominent position as being a topic of debate. This principle aims at anticipating and avoiding the environmental damages, before they even take place. This preventive measure is novel in varied manner and it ultimately services lower mitigation costs of the resulting environmental damages. Execution of precautionary principle continues to be tricky in economic sense, as it puts duty on those who form possible risks instead of posing responsibility on those who have done something in the past. It is both crucial and debatable feature that this principle shifts the burden of science based evidence from the ones who would slow down or restrict a possibly risky act to the ones who undertake the activity[9]. As stated earlier, there have been legal commentators who have raised the arguments that the precautionary principle approaches level of customary international law. There also has been pointed out that such status is not attained owing to the fact that the precautionary principle had been somewhat unclear and had been interpreted in different manners, and is not accepted on national level by much of world. One of the descriptions of this principle is that it is culturally framed and evolving concept which takes its indication from the changing notions regarding the suitable roles of politic, law, ethics, economics and science in the protection and management of environment in a proactive manner. As per James Cameron, who is one of the proponents of this principle, there are various legal principles where indirect precautionary measures were present. The most important one was the tort concept of strict liability where absolute liability in activities is provided; for instance burial of environmental waste being deemed as abnormally dangerous. The possibility of being held liable in a strict manner has been explained by Cameron when the individual acts in a manner which shows lack of reasonable care, and where the actors had to be more careful and had to consider the costs associated with the possible liabilities before they acted. Another substantial point raised by Cameron was that it is commonly criticized on the grounds of being uncertain, as this was something which could not be proved with 100% certainty[10]. Solving environmental problems This principle is of particular significance in context of solving the global environmental problems like loss of biodiversity and climate problem. Where this declaration or particularly its principle 2 is applied, the issues which threaten the environment can be prevented. To show the role of principle 2 in this context, two cases have been detailed here. The Trial Smelter Arbitration case involved a case in which US sought damages from Canada by bringing legal action against them in the court and also applied for injunction owing to air pollution in Washington, as a result of Trail Smelter, which was a Canadian company having its domicile in Canada. The rule which was applied in this case was covered under principle 2, where the states have the duty of protecting against harmful act of people within their jurisdiction at all times as being the states responsibility. The climate in Washington from period of 1925 to 1937 was damaged due to resultant effect of sulphur dioxide. The issue in this case was whether it was the responsibility of the state towards protecting the other states from the harmful ill effects by individuals at all times from within its jurisdiction[11]. The court held in this case that it was the responsibility of the state of protecting the other states from harmful acts by people at all times from its jurisdiction. The states do not have the right of using or allowing using the territory in a way which would cause damage owing to fumes to another or to the proper or other individuals as was covered under the laws of US and the international law principles. The arbitration, after looking into the facts of this case, stated that it was the responsibility of Canada, under the international law, regarding the conduct which was undertaken by the company of Canada. The responsibility was on the government of Canada to ensure that the conduct of Trail Smelter followed the obligations covered in Canada, in conformity with the international law. The company thus was required to stop causing any damage from fumes so long as the conditions present in Washington, of pollution, were present[12]. Another case which is of significance in this context is the Corfu Channel case. In this matter, the British warships were fired at by the Albanians which had been sailing across the North Corfu Channel. The Albanians stated that the foreign ships did not have the right of passing across the territorial waters of Albanian, without the previous permission and notification from authorities of Albania, when the UK protested the actions of forces of Albanian. UK put forth the argument that the states could see the ships for innocent purposes across the straits which were used in the international navigation. But this was refuted by Albanians on the grounds that the channel did not come under class F international highways, which presented the passage right, as it was meant for local traffic exclusively[13]. In this matter the court held that the geographical situation which connected two parts of high seas and the same not being used in international navigation was test of whether a chan nel had to be considered as one which belonged to class of international highways where passage could not be restricted by coastal state in peace times. The ICJ in this case had affirmed that it was not the obligation of each and every state to allow its territory to be used for acts which went against the rights of other states in a knowing manner[14]. Conclusion Thus, to bring this discussion to its conclusion, it can be stated that the purpose of this discussion has been fulfilled. Rio Declaration is a key document in context of environmental protection. The discussion provided a detail on the principle 2 of Rio Declaration in context of the role played by this preventive principle in making it the responsibility of the states to stop any such acts by their individuals or entities, which could injure or harm the environment of such area which is out of their jurisdiction. This principle effectively stops the nations from harming the environment of other nations. And this is the reason why it is deemed as the fundamental base of Rio Declaration. This point was established through the two cases, particularly the Trial Smelter Arbitration where Canada had to bear the impact of a company domiciled in Canada polluting the environment of US, as based on this principle, it was seen as a duty of Canada to control its entities. Thus, this principle is an effective principle in safeguarding the environment and also helps in solving the environmental problems, as and when they are raised. Bibliography Articles/ Books/ Journals Sands P, Peel J, and MacKenzie R, Principles of International Environmental Law (Cambridge University Press, 2012) Viuales JE, The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development: A Commentary (Oxford University Press, 2015) Cases Australia v France (1974) ICJ Reports 253 Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania) I.C.J. 1949 I.C.J 4. 22. Trail Smelter Arbitration Arbitral Trib., 3 U.N. Rep. Intl Arb. Awards 1905 (1941) Others Case Briefs, Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania) (2018) https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/international-law/international-law-keyed-to-damrosche/chapter-17/corfu-channel-case-united-kingdom-v-albania-2/ Case Briefs, Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania) (2018) https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/international-law/international-law-keyed-to-damrosche/chapter-17/corfu-channel-case-united-kingdom-v-albania-2/2/ Case Briefs, Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v. Canada) (2018) https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/international-law/international-law-keyed-to-damrosche/chapter-18/trail-smelter-arbitration-united-states-v-canada/ Case Briefs, Trail Smelter Arbitration (United States v. Canada) (2018) https://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/international-law/international-law-keyed-to-damrosche/chapter-18/trail-smelter-arbitration-united-states-v-canada/2/ EClass, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (2018) https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/PSPA121/Stockholm%20and%20Rio%20Declarations.pdf Facing Finance, The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (2018) https://www.facing-finance.org/en/database/norms-and-standards/the-rio-declaration-on-environment-and-development/ Stevens M, The Precautionary Principle in the International Arena (2002) https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1278context=sdlp Viuales JE, 1 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (2015) https://opil.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law/9780199686773.001.0001/law-9780199686773-chapter-1#law-9780199686773-chapter-1-div3-2

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Essay Example

Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application Paper In this report, we Will go through two experiments, Which are the fundamental circuits of operational amplifiers: non-inverting and inverting amplifier circuits, to analyze the difference between ideal and real pop-amps. For the following section, the relevant theory will be introduced, and then the detail and results of the experiments Will be discussed before proceeding to conclusion. Theory Figure 1 The pop amp and its ideal attributes As the Figurer shown, operational amplifier has two inputs labeled (+) and (-) with positive and negative power supply, and a single output. It is primarily a sigh gain differential amplifier which amplifies the difference tot voltages been two inputs. The output voltage of the amplifier Bout is given by the following formula: Bout = A (VT V-) Where A is the open loop voltages gain of the amplifier, which typically is very large about ISO at low frequency. And V- are the non-inverting and inverting input voltage respectively. From the equation, output voltage is entirely governed by the difference between the two input voltages. However for real pop-amps inputs do draw a small amount of current and the output voltage is affected by the output current drawn. Poor the analysis, both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers are applying negative feedback. It cause the V- to increase, hence voltages Of the two input terminals Will be much closed together. And the input draw current is assumed to be zero. Therefore Kerchiefs first (current) Law and Kerchiefs second (voltage) Law could be applied. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Operational Amplifier Application specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Experiment The main apparatus for this experiment are the test board with TLS power supply, Kingwood ACCESS oscilloscope, Homage DVDs, and the input signal function generator is Homage HM80030-2. Inverting amplifier: Bout=-RFC Vein Inverting amplifier: Figure 2 Inverting Amplifier Constructing the circuit of an inverting amplifier as shown in figure 2 on the test board. In order to make an amplifier with a gain of . 10, setting RI 2. 7 k and RFC = 27 aquaplaning a Homage signal generator, a KHz sine wave was supply into the amplifier input, the amplitude should be adjusted to low values to prevent waveform distortion occur. Moreover, connecting the input and output of amplifier to X-Y channels of the Oscilloscope, to check the waveform and verity the amplification, If both inputs are held at a common zero, the offset voltage will not be zero as deadly owing to a small amount of bias currents and internal imbalances of a real amplifier. Setting the oscilloscope to X-Y mode, a graph like Figure 3 will be display in the screen. The output offset voltage which is the sum of two independent variables, one is Input offset voltage (Vein offal the other one is input bias current (In bias ). The equation of the Bout off is given below: Bout off=Vein offal+RFC+line bias RFC For the experimental purpose, the values of RI and RFC should be varied to form simultaneous equations, as a result, Vein Off and In bias could be derived separately. When applying RI = 2. Non and RFC = kick , the value of offset voltages Obtained was urn: furthermore, the value Of Bout Off increased to I Iron While RI = 0. Aka and RFC = Aka. Hence the simultaneous equation could be solved: offshoot 2. K*line bias ask Vein off= 0. 916 NV offal bias ask In bias 06. 92 an Figure 3 WY mode trace of Bout against Vein With the respect to Figure 3, the values foeman and Vein acquired from experiment are and -1 IV, therefore the real output voltage range is from -IV to +13. IV when  ±IV supply rails are being used. Additionally, two horizontal nines reveal that maximum and minimum output voltages will less than the supply rail voltages due to the energy losses in the internal resistors. Figure 4 Measurement of the output impedance Measure the output impedance of the inverting amplifier by setting input voltage to ground, and injecting a load current to output side by adding a signal generator which drives a 10 kHz sine wave via a 2200 resistor. Compare the difference between V out and V load shown in figure 4 by applying the oscilloscope, so that the output impedance could be derived by following equation Output impedance: V outlet here lout=(V load- V out)220 As the result, the value Of output impedance obtained from experiment is I . Q, which is quite small but still not equal to zero as ideal situation. In addition to this, V out Will rise when the frequency Of the signal is increasing; Meanwhile, the closed loop output impedance Will tend to zero. Because the deviation between the V out and V load is getting smaller. Inverting amplifier: Bout=1+Riving Non-inverting amplifier: Bout= 1 Vein Figure S: Nan-inverting amplifier Converting the circuit in to non-inverti ng amplifier and using the same values of RFC and RI ,Moreover, applying the signal to the positive input of pop-amps, thus a positive gain can be acquired Much more interesting, the output offset voltage and output impedance will stay the same as values obtained from inverting amplifier. The reason is the resistors for both circuits are consistent. Discussion Prom the investigation Of the experiments, the gain Of non-ideal amplifiers is finite and it could be affected by the changing in frequency and existence of input Offset voltages. Experiments have shown that there is error input voltage due to the non-zero bias currents flowing in the input terminals. Also they have proved that the maximum gain Of real pop-amps is finite and limited by maximum and minimum supply voltages. During the experiment, it is vital to be aware of the error that may occur. Generally, errors can be divided into tuft categories which are the systematic errors and random errors. Unfortunately, systematic errors are unavoidable because of the existing error in the equipment used in the experiments. For instance, homage DVDs can accurate about 0. 1% for DC voltages and 0. 2% for resistance; the accuracy of AC signals is around 1% while the frequency is within angel from GHz to kHz. However,the random error could be minimized to the best extent by taking several measurements and using the average values. Conclusion The results acquired from the experiments reveal the properties of both inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, and describe the differences between real and ideal pop-amp Further, the phase relationships of input and output voltage for the inverting amplifier are 180 degrees out of phase; as opposed to this, they are in phase with each other for Nan-inverting amplifier.

The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act

The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act Abstract This report highlights three different business statutes that currently function in the business communications environment of the United States: the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), and the Freedom of Information Act. This report analyzes the impact of a recent interpretation of a provision of the Freedom of Information Act by the Securities and Exchange Commission that governs public disclosure.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act This report highlights three different business statutes that currently function in the business communications environment of the United States: the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), and the Freedom of Information Act. A recent case concerning the application of the Freedom of Information Act and public disclosure in the activities of the Securities and Exchange Commission warrants closer analysis. This report will analyze the impact that the Freedom of Information Act has upon the financial regulator and what impact recently passed financial reform legislation will have on the public. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) protects electronic communications in the business environment such as emails, text messages and wireless device transmissions, and ensures that these messages cannot be captured or screened without the express consent of the parties in question (Hunsinger 2010). However, some caveats apply in the business context. If there exists a need to protect business property, or a â€Å"valid business purpose† necessitating the acquisition of employee emails, an employer may do so under this act with the permission of the employee in question (Hunsinger 2010). Most compa nies achieve this end through via a blanket company policy which all employees sign (Hunsinger 2010). As a general rule, employees cannot expect the same â€Å"reasonable expectation of privacy† on a server owned by their employee as they can on the server that operates their personal email (Hunsinger 2010). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) covers employee privacy in the realm of health information (Sullivan 2004). This act regulates, oversees and protects the security of electronic health data such as medical records and establishes national standards which employers abide by for employee health insurance plans (Sullivan 2004).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The act’s main purpose and challenge remains to balance the needs of employers to provide economically viable health insurance coverage for their employees agains t the needs of employees, namely, so that employee health information remains secure and cannot be used against them in a discriminatory manner (Sullivan 2004). The Freedom of Information Act became law in 1966 and protects the right of the citizens of the United States to â€Å"request access to federal agency records or information† (Henry 2003). The act was meant to balance the needs of the government to maintain some level of secrecy and privacy in its information gathering and storage against the rights of the American public to request and receive accountability from its leaders. Each agency of the United States government must comply with written disclosure requests except in cases where the information requested is protected by exemption or exclusion (Henry 2003). The Freedom of Information Act applies only to federal bodies; each state retains its own statute that manages public requests for state and local government information (Henry 2003). The remainder of this r eport studies two newspaper articles that reported a new financial regulation provision that came into law in 2010. Under this law, according to Sorkin (2010), the federal financial regulatory body the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gained an exemption from public disclosure of requests for information filed under the Freedom of Information Act (Sorkin 2010). The details of the exemptions include â€Å"surveillance, risk assessments, or other regulatory and oversight activities† (Sorkin 2010). John Nester, a spokesperson for the SEC, explained that â€Å"the new provision applies to information obtained through examinations or derived from that information (Prial 2010). Nester intimated that the SEC’s expansion of its existing modes of surveillance and risk assessment efforts† have been undertaken to affect â€Å"more sophisticated and effective Wall Street oversight† (Prial 2010). In order to achieve this, the SEC argues, it requires the  "ability to obtain documents and other information from brokers, investment advisers and other registrants,† therefore this new provision gives the SEC more access during their examinations and ensures that brokers and financial investment advisers and other registrants can no longer refuse to comply with any SEC requests for documents under previous confidentiality expectations (Prial 2010). The impact of this new provision, critics argue, will essentially result in a complete block to all transparency efforts on behalf of the American public in the already shadowy world of high finance (Prial 2010). Since the SEC is a regulatory body, the so-called â€Å"surveillance, risk assessments, or other regulatory and oversight activities† will render nearly every document by the SEC unobtainable (Sorkin 2010). Federal agencies and members of Congress may continue to request information from the SEC however the public has been officially shut out (Prial 2010).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The S.E.C. and the Freedom of Information Act specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the business context, this new provision has significant ramifications for transparency goals in the wake of the recession, not to mention the continued efforts of the media to maintain public accountability in the financial world. The recent Bernie Madoff Ponzi scheme provides the most salient example of how this provision may provide an obstacle for corporate governance and communication transparency objectives on behalf of both business and the public (Prial 2010). News media outlets such as FOX Business Network regularly employ the Freedom of Information Act to affect oversight of the SEC itself on behalf of the American public and investors (Prial 2010). FOX Business Network took legal action against the SEC in the spring of 2009 on account of the federal body’s refusal to hand over documents pertaining to the failed SEC investigations into â€Å"alleged investment frauds being perpetrated by Madoff and R. Allen Stanford† (Prial 2010). Upon the arrest of Madoff and Stanford, it came to light through documents acquired under the Freedom of Information Act, that the SEC had carried out â€Å"investigations into both men prior to their arrests but failed to uncover their alleged frauds† (Prial 2010). Similarly, the Freedom of Information Act was employed on behalf of the public following the AIG bailout in 2009 (Prial 2010). With this new provision, critics argue that the SEC will not only wield carte blanche but their mistakes will escape notice, which may lead to more catastrophic frauds such as the Madoff scandal (Prial 2010). According to Prial (2010) should the interpretation of this new provision stand up in court, critics predict that â€Å"the next time there is a Bernie Madoff failure the American public will not be able to obtain the SEC documents that describe t he failure† (Prial 2010). Observers anticipate that members of the media and media networks will likely launch a legal challenge countering the SEC’s interpretation and demanding that the provision be rescinded in light of possible abuse by the SEC (Prial 2010). According to Prial (2010) â€Å"the backroom deal†¦was cut between Congress and the SEC to keep the SEC’s failures secret. The only losers here are the American public† (Prial 2010). Reference List Henry, C.L. (2003). Freedom of information act. New York: Nova Publishers. Hunsinger, J. et al. (2010) International handbook of internet research. New York: Springer Publishing.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prial, D. (2010, July 28). SEC says new financial regulation law exempts it from public disclosure. FOX Business News. Retrieved from https://www.foxbusiness.com/ Sorkin, A.R. (2010, July 28). S.E.C. said to see new limits on its disclosures. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/section/business/dealbook Sullivan, J.M. (2004). HIPAA: a practical guide to the privacy and security of health data. Chicago: American Bar Association.

The results are in! Resume Format Rundown

The results are in! Resume Format Rundown Last week I introduced you to Loft Resumes, a service that provides custom-designed resumes to job seekers in a variety of industries. I also provided sample formats from some of The Essay Expert’s successful resumes. I then asked you to vote on which you preferred. Here’s what the survey looked like for those of you who missed it   Id still love your input! Create your free online surveys with SurveyMonkey, the worlds leading questionnaire tool. Thank you to the 25 people who responded to my survey! Here’s the tally: Do you prefer the designs of Lofts designs or The Essay Experts? 1 person preferred Loft Resume’s designs. [This person was in the insurance industry] 17 people (68%) preferred The Essay Expert’s designs. 1 person liked both equally. [This person was in the IT industry. Note that The Essay Expert has some   other formats you might like better!] 1 person did not like either one. [This response came from an attorney. I agree none of the formats presented would be appropriate for an attorney. For attorneys we use much more straightforward designs.] 5 people chose â€Å"Other† and provided the following feedback: ATS Concerns Essay Experts designs are better, but I fear the inserted box and other graphics might skew an Applicant Tracking System preventing the information from being read and stored, costing an applicant the job by not registering properly within its system. If physically scanned, the Essay Expert is more professional and provides information employers want. [from a career professional/resume writer] My response: It is true that text boxes and graphics can skew an ATS system. After posting my article, I was contacted by a representative of Loft Resumes who stated that their resumes do well in Applicant Tracking Systems as well. I would have to test a resume myself to know if that is an accurate statement (Loft does not advertise that their resumes are ATS-friendly). Keep in mind that every job seeker must have TWO resumes: one for the computer robots and one for humans. Hiring managers, in my experience, really love The Essay Expert’s resumes. I do not have any information on their response to Loft’s designs. Too Dense I dont like either one, they are both too dense with info, the eye doesnt know where to go to quickly pick up the pertinent details. [from someone in the High Tech industry] My response: Thanks for your feedback. Thankfully the hiring managers who looked at The Essay Expert’s resumes appreciated something in the resumes, since both of these candidates got job offers for their targeted positions! Neither was in High Tech, and we would certainly use a different format for a high-tech position. Industry-Dependent Design It greatly depends on the industry/position. If in creative industry would prefer LOFT.   AND I think Lofts resumes are a little too designy the design has more impact than the information contained within it. But Lofts could be very good for people in the arts, film production, etc. My response: In fields like marketing and sales, you might be right that LOFT resumes could be viewed more favorably. In a field like graphic design, of course, it would be preferable for the candidate him or herself to design the resume! Its position AND audience specific. My response: I couldn’t agree more. We use different looks and feels for every industry we work with. As stated above, if the audience is a hiring manager a highly formatted resume is generally viewed favorably; recruiters hate them. Even The Essay Experts samples here might be too â€Å"fancy† for an accountant, although two responders in Accounting and Finance stated they were very likely to purchase an Essay Expert resume and very unlikely to purchase a LOFT resume. One responder whose industry is aerospace/defense wrote, â€Å"The Loft’s [formats] would never work in my industry.† And I received one response from a person in â€Å"consulting† who stated he or she would be very likely to purchase from The Essay Expert and very unlikely to purchase from Loft. I like LOFT designs for their uniqueness. They are probably appropriate for someone in more in a creative field versus an executive position. I like Essay Experts designs for their clean, uncluttered appearance. They are easy to read and probably more scannable than the LOFT design. My response: Thank you! I believe I addressed this comment above. â€Å"How likely would you be to purchase a resume design by Loft Resumes, The Essay Expert, or Another Service?† Overall, my readers (who I admit might be predisposed toward resumes by The Essay Expert) are much more likely to purchase a resume designed by The Essay Expert than they are to purchase a resume from Loft or another service. It was also striking to me that 50% were very likely or somewhat likely to purchase a resume from The Essay Expert. A gift to you! Thank you for your support, and if you responded to this survey and are considering purchasing a resume package from The Essay Expert, I will be happy to offer you a 20% discount on any package (maximum discount $100), offer good through April 30, 2012. Note you must complete the survey to qualify for this offer! This is your reward for being a loyal reader and participant in my interactive media opportunities and for reading to the end of this lengthy article! Category:Resume TipsBy Brenda BernsteinApril 16, 2012 2 Comments Rebecca Robin says: April 26, 2012 at 3:39 pm I did not find Preptel to be particularly valuable. For another opinion, I shared the site with a friend who is the head of recruiting for a 900 employee organization. She agreed. While the concept is wonderful, the execution leaves much to be desired. Many of the suggestions to improve keyword matches were nonsensical and words that were important matches were ignored. For example, the program missed the term CAD (computer aided design) but picked up plan and lost the connection between them both. A site I do like is wordle.net, but I use it to get an impression of what words are used most frequently in a job description. I might exchange the words highlighted in wordle with those in my resume to get a closer match. Thank you for your posts, I find them quite helpful. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 17, 2012 at 4:14 pm Thank you for your comment Rebecca. The issue is that of companies who use ATS systems, about half of them enter the desired keywords by hand, thus making sense to a human, and half let the computers determine the keywords. For that second half, unfortunately the keywords are often non-sensical. Thats why a program like Preptel can be useful! Im glad you are getting value from my posts and appreciate your feedback! Log in to Reply

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example The first challenge that was experienced by the Company occurred when the Chief Executive Officer, Bernie Ebbers employed Sullivan who was later promoted to the post of a Chief Financial Officer. Sullivan apparently did not possess proper inter-personal skills and his appointment created irritations among the divisional managers. This was also confirmed by the occurrence of conflicting ideas between Sullivan and Sidgmore. The failure of the Company was later propagated by the series of law suits that were experienced when some of the customers complained for fraud and over-charging of the services offered by the Company. The Company had to pay fine in order to compensate these customers hence undergoing massive reduction of profits. Moreover, was blocked on its bid to acquire the shares of Sprint in the year 2000; this was blocked by the regulatory authorities (Justice Department) hence leading to a fall of the share price of the Company. Many people speculated that the World Com Company was at a brink of failing and soon could start selling its shares. Huge amounts of loans were also given to Bernie Ebbers that amounted to 341 million USD; an audit by an external Company also indicated that Ebbers had used some large amount of the Company’s money to perform his personal activities hence exposing the Company to a financial crisis. To begin with, it is evident that the World Com Company did not undertake frequent financial audit hence giving the accountants ample time to conduct fraud and embezzlement of funds; this should have been the first step undertaken to promote transparency in finance department. Auditing would have led to the determination of such problems at an early age hence leading to formulation of effective solutions. Additionally, it is apparent that the top management team, specifically, the Chief Executive

Assignment 2 BA1010 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 BA1010 - Assignment Example (Invalid) c. Purchasing decisions are influenced by a consumer’s self-image and desired lifestyle. So, advertising influences purchasing decisions since advertising influences self-image and lifestyle. (Valid) d. Advertisers must try to make potential customers perceive some problem. This is so since problem-solving is the first step in the consumer decision-making process and the first step is probably the most important. (Valid) d. Describe a scenario in which the following sentence is false: Barb retired if and only if she had not saved adequately for retirement. For instance, a mother of three who works as a banker who receives $40K annual income but spends more than what she earns in order to sustain the needs of her family. 8. Symbolize the following arguments then check for validity using a truth table. To simplify, leave the parenthetical parts out of your symbolization. All of the arguments are based loosely on arguments in Chapter One of The Branded Mind by Eric Du Plessis. A. If your client’s purchase was motivated by emotion then it was related to attention. Your client’s purchase was not related to attention. So, your client’s purchase was not motivated by emotion. [You can leave out the parenthetical parts in your symbolization.] B. Either we make decisions in order to feel good or the brain is not in control of our decisions. The brain is in control of our decisions, so we make decisions in order to feel good (and marketers should develop brands accordingly). C. Humans can avoid dissatisfaction in the future (hunger, boredom, loneliness†¦) if and only if consumers plan for future problems. So, either humans can’t avoid dissatisfaction in the future or they don’t plan for future problems. D. Brand choice decisions are based on how a consumer would feel if they decided to buy. If that’s true then the marketer’s job is to manage the feeling that the brain associates with the brand. It follows that the

Fan fiction Essay Example for Free

Fan fiction Essay Fan Fiction writing is the act of writing material with information from someone without their consent either written or otherwise. The written material is then released to the public on grounds that show the material as owner’s original; and doesn’t acknowledge it as re-edited. This will appear as the original material given that the reader had not had a chance to get the very original material. I want to agree that this activity is not legitimate one, the fact that a writer (author) writes their work and it goes into the public arena doesn’t require reframing or amendments. If the reader thinks of that work in another version, let it remain within them. Let not that which they think would have been better of; go out to the public. Interfering with this is wrong. Supposing all the fans decided to alter this original material into their way and everyone has a different understanding of same article? Letting this out to the public as well? Would not people get confused? I believe if a writer wants an opinion about their article, they know how to go about it, they know where to send it or who to give it to before it is released to the public. By the time it is getting to the public it is usually the writer’s best on that. I quite disagree that fun fiction should be a way of improving young writer’s skills of writing. Why cant these young writers come up with themes yet not released to the public and write on them? Why can’t they also get creative? There are so many things that the writers have not covered so far. It is also so wrong for fan writers to write an article and post it using the original writer’s names. Is this not theft? Is it not offensive to impersonate? The text showed this â€Å"Fan fiction is a good way to avoid learning how to be a writer. Fan fiction allows the writer to pretend to be creating a story, while using someone elses world, characters, and plot. Coloring Barbies hair green in a coloring book is not a great act of creativity. Neither is putting lipstick on Ken. Fan fiction does exactly those kinds of things. † A very good example given on the text ‘the extreme analogy: You send me a photograph of your family reunion, titled The Herkimers Get together. I think it looks dull. So I Photo-Shop it to put your friends and relations into compromising positions in various stages of undress. Then I post it on the Internet, under the title The Herkimer’s Get Together, and add a note that it was sent to me from Pete Herkimer of Missoula, Montana. Suddenly there is your face and name, and the faces of the people you care about, doing things that you would never do. Are you flattered that I thought your photograph was interesting enough to use? Or are you insulted and horrified? Are you alarmed that I so clearly connected work that is not yours to your good name? Although I must agree with the statement from the text ‘And As for definitions, to what extent is Paradise Lost a fan fiction of the Bible? To what extent is Tennysons Ulysses a fan fiction of the Odyssey? For much of human history, the concept of creative ownership Hobb seems to be using was thoroughly different: characters could be reused and rewritten as seen fit. Even given the capitalist ownership argument, which I personally find distasteful, narrow-minded, and restrictive, once again, the fan fiction under discussion is NON-COMMERCIAL’ There are those exceptions that would be allowed, the example of Paradise lost, and this seems to be a clearer edition of the Bible as far this generation is concerned. The fact that it is a book used for the continuity of the salvation of human race may need to be re-edited but the change of theme may not be altered. Another importance of fan fiction may be an act that is based on a book and probably is used for literature in schools. The author may have not written it as a play but someone else may act it and this way students may understand the book better as compared to reading it. I know that all the fan writers have a different way of looking at a particular article from that of the original writer and that is they want to reframe it, but I wonder where they were when the story was being created in that way which they don’t settle for. Keeping any ideas of how it should have looked to oneself is the best thing. Can’t people respect the work of others and promote original text writings? Fun fiction sometimes may even change the whole outlook of a story, there must be reasons why an author/writer decides to use some words and leave out others. There is a reason why the chapters in a book follow each other the way they do. In case a fan writer for example interferes with the flow of chapters and decides to bring the last chapter in the middle then any other reader might not find a reason of reading the book to the end. The flow is changed therefore the conclusion of the story comes in the middle, so why go ahead and read what you already know? Fan fiction sometimes is used on the internet, whereby an article from a newspaper may be used and with the application of coral draw; alteration may happen. When this same article is sent to people on the net, it might just convince them since they can see that it is from a legitimate source from a well known editor or writer. While this may happen on basis of malice and once the damage is caused rectifying it may be hard. So generally I know that fan fiction may be damaging. All writers have a chance of developing good writing skills but not through fan fiction as written the text ‘The first step to becoming a writer is to have your own idea. Not to take someone elses idea, put a dent in it, and claim it as your own. You will learn more from writing one story of your own, no matter how bad it is, than the most polished Inuyasha fan fiction that you write. Taking that first wavering step out into the unknown territory of your own imagination is what it is all about. When you can write well enough to carry a friend along, then youve really got something. But you arent going to get anywhere clinging to the comfort of saying, If I write a Harry Potter story, everyone will like it because they already like Harry Potter. I dont have to describe Hogwarts because everyone saw the movie, and I dont have to tell Harrys back story because thats all done for me. I agree with this statement totally. A good writer should have their own ideas and develop those ideas into stories. Reading more will help any writer get skill and get broader but fan fiction writing is demeaning to any writer. It makes a writer wholly rely on an article already thought and written instead of promoting the unique ideas any individual writer may be able to come up with. The danger of letting this continue is that we will never know what the original writer of a story intending us to know. We can never differentiate between fiction and true story. My conclusion would be depending on the intention of the fan fiction writer; this is how it can be looked at as a legal act or an illegal one. The writer in the text who is against this uses so harsh language and I found it not fair since it is not everyone who writes for fan fiction has a bad motive. â€Å"Look, the original author really screwed up the story, so Im going to fix it. Here is how it should have gone†.

Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs In Ancient Egypt there were over 29 Kings and Pharaohs and over 5 Queens. Some of the most famous kings and queens were: Ramses II, Ramses III, King Tut, Cleopatra, and Nefertiti. Ramses II (reigned 1279-1212 BC), ancient Egyptian king, third ruler of the 19th dynasty, the son of Seti I. During the early part of his reign Ramses fought to reign the territory in Africa and Western Asia that Egypt had held during the 16th and 15th centuries BC. His principle opponents were the Hittites, a powerful people of Asia Minor, against whom he waged a long war upon. The major battle of this war was fought in 1274 at Kadesh, in Northern Syria, was hailed by Ramses as such a great triumph. In 1258 BC a treaty was signed whereby the contested lands were divided and Ramses agreed to marry the daughter of the Hittite king. The remaining years of his rule were distinguished by the construction of such monuments as the rock-hewn temple of Abà » Simbel, the great hypostyle hall in the Temple of Amon at Al Karnak, and the mortuary temple at Thebes, known as Ramesseum. Ramses III (reigned 1182-1151 BC), Egyptian king of the 20th dynasty, a great military leader who repeatedly saved the country from invasion. In the 5th year of his reign, Ramses defeated an attack by the Libyans from the west, and two years later he routed invaders known as the Sea Peoples. In his 11th year he again repelled an attempted attack by the Libyans. Ramses was also a builder of temples and palaces in the tradition of his 19th-dynasty predecessor, Ramses II. His victories are depicted on the walls of his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu, near Luxor. Egyptian records tell of a strike by workers at Ramses's burial site and a plot against the king near the end of his reign. Ramses III was the last of the great rulers and after his death there were centuries of weakness and foreign domination. King Tut or Tutankhamun (reigned 1343-1325 BC), Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, the son-in-law of Akhenaton, whom he succeeded. He became Pharaoh about the age of 9 and ruled until his death; which was about the age of 18. Peace was brought to Egypt during his reign as the worship of Amon, abandoned under Akhenaton, was restored and Thebes, the city sacred to Amon, was again made Egypt's capitol.

Case Brief Essay

Facts: Billie J. Rodman, Appellant was employed by Presbyterian Hospital as a unit secretary for eight years when, on Feb 17, 1987, she was terminated under hospital personnel policies following a â€Å"third corrective action† notice. Prior restrictions had been placed on Rodman’s conduct due to personal problems adversely impacting upon her place of work. Rodman was reprimanded in June 1986 for receiving an inordinate number of personal telephone calls and visitors at her work station, which was disruptive to her own work and to her co-workers. Rodman was to have no personal telephone calls during work hours outside of a designated break or dinner time, in which event they were to occur in an area not visible to patients, physicians, or other department staff. When leaving the department for dinner, Rodman was to report to her immediate supervisor and was not to leave the hospital. Rodman was to make every effort to resolve the matters in her personal life that were causing problems at work. Nevertheless, according to the testimony of her supervisor, extremely disruptive telephone calls continued. The doctors were beginning to comment on it. The staff was getting more distressed. According to her supervisor, â€Å"[A]gain we talked about the visits, the behavior at the desk. When it got pretty bad with the phone calls, Billie would slam charts, push chairs and be a little abrupt with the people she worked with.† Another written reprimand in November of 1986 warned Rodman that her job was in jeopardy if the disruptive behavior continued. The supervisor established restrictions prohibiting the claimant from having visitors at the department and instructed her to notify security if there was a potential problem. On February 15, 1987, Rodman began work at 1:00 o’clock in the afternoon. She had spoken to her boyfriend’s mother earlier  in the day to tell her that she did not want him to use her car as she had broken off their relationship. The boyfriend’s mother called her at work and told her the boyfriend had her car keys. Rodman told the mother to h ave the boyfriend call her at work. When he did, she informed him that she could not talk to him at her duty station, and he hung up on her. He called her back and left a number where he could be reached. She left the work area and went to the break room to call him. After returning to her duty station, Rodman got another telephone call from her boyfriend who told her to go downstairs to the lobby to meet him and pick up the keys. When she refused, he told her that if she did not come down he would come up to her department. Claimant left the department to confront her boyfriend, and, because her supervisor was at lunch in the hospital cafeteria, Rodman notified a co-worker, a registered nurse, that she was leaving. Rodman testified, â€Å"I didn’t want any kind of confrontation at the desk, so I went downstairs.† Before she left her desk, Rodman called the employer’s security guard and asked him to meet her in the lobby because she anticipated that a problem could develop. When Rodman got to the lobby, her boyfriend started yelling and forced her outside. In doing so, he tore her shirt. At this point the security guard arrived and observed them arguing. Rodman was in the passenger seat of her car. The security guard instructed the boyfriend to return the keys, but the boyfriend jumped into the driver’s seat, locked the doors and drove off. About thirty-five minutes later, Rodman returned to her work station, after having changed her torn shirt. She resumed working, but, as the shift progressed, more telephone calls were received for her in the department. The supervisor became frustrated with the volume of calls and the behavior of Rodman. It was determined that Rodman should be sent home. Thereafter she was terminated. Issue: At Issue is whether the misconduct which warranted termination from unemployment rose to the level of misconduct which would warrant denial of unemployment compensation under NMSA 1978, section 51-1-7 of the Unemployment Compensation Law. Whether the events of a third party constituted the â€Å"last straw doctrine.† Rule: â€Å"[M]isconduct† * * * is limited to conduct evincing such wilful or wanton disregard of an employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to manifest equal culpability * * *. [M]ere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, failure in good performance as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed â€Å"misconduct† within the meaning of the statute. Application: Rodman had a history of wanton or wilful disregard for the employer’s interest and was discharged for the accumulation of those events, including the precipitating event. Rodman’s conduct on February 15, considered in light of totality of circumstances including her previous history or personal phone calls and unauthorized visitors, showed a—willful or wanton disregard for her employer’s interests–. Rodman did not comply with her previous restriction put on her by her employer which was ground’s enough for termination and denial of unemployment benefits. The last straw was applied in this case due to Ms. Rodman’s totality of circumstances. Conclusion: Decision was affirmed by the courts in light that Ms. Rodman’s actions on February 15, which when it was considered in light of restrictions that where upon her previous failure to comply with those restrictions, demonstrated a willful disregard for her employer’s interests.

JG-TAG

From teaching prospective natural language processing is superior due in large part to the â€Å"domain of locality â€Å"in this theory. Also it provides a brilliant framework to represent different verb classes using tag trees. TAG has always excelled in providing context sensitivity to a basic rule system and a lexicalized JG grammar implementation would allow JG structures that have previously been represented programmatically to be described in a more easily visualized and maintainable data structure format. The verb class JG-TAG trees would also simplify the lexical rules by attaching them to specific verbs and allowing them to be limited to the context of a specific verb. One of the exercises in creating such a system would involve the format of lexical rules that would be attached to the JG-TAG trees. Each JG-like rule in the tree specifies left-to-right, right-to-left or discontinuous ordering. Recall that the JG approach involves in-situ wh-elements and a specific traversal order without creating target nodes for movement. Thus the algorithm for deciding traversal would reflect, but not implement, movement. The documentation and implementation papers for the JG ordering algorithms and transfer language used in an early machine translation project could be a good starting point for a JG-TAG system (Melby 1974, Gessel 1975). Another challenge would be matching and using features attached to JG nodes with the TAG feature capabilities. TAG unification features that prevent more than one tense-bearing verb to be attached usually would be implemented by JG lexical agreement rules. However, the feature unification approach from TAG provides a straightforward manner to keep track of main and auxiliary verbs and their inflections as a sentence is created from the tree. Mandatory, optional and null adjunction constraints allow the relationships between the various TAG tree sets to be carefully defined, linked together and maintained. Expert rule systems generally need these kinds of constraints in order to assure tractable development and maintenance. These same capabilities would be very advantageous to link together JG tree fragments that would define a working grammar for a particular language. The power of the MC-TAG trees that encapsulate semantic relationships would then output not just a surface ordered derived tree but an order-independent syntax/semantics representation less dependent on th derivation tree for semantic relationships. The JG trees are not at as low a semantic level as the derivation tree but provide structure related to the original utterance (e.g. active vs. passive) and are very rich in specific syntax and semantic relationships (e.g. themes and verb classes with thematic roles (Millett, 1975)) between the concepts of the utterance. Comparative and quantifier structures have a particularly rich semantic structure in JG (Lytle 1985) and a JG-TAG system could facilitate comparison of the capabilities of a JG-based text-understanding application to other standard approaches. A JG-TAG system could also provide a standardized application and coding framework for using Junction Grammar. Conclusions As TAG formalisms have been applied to natural languages, their advantages over context-free phrase structure rules have become more apparent. Many useful re- finements to the basic TAG formalism have supported a wide variety of structures. Meanwhile JG embodies rather different assumptions than do traditional theories: a separation of linguistic data via conceptual and articulation trees, junction operators on non-terminal nodes, multiple-linked tree structures, and flexible traversal of lexical rules. The appreciable overlap of approaches with TAG and JG has prompted this discussion on combining the benefits of both theoretical systems to represent and process Junction Grammar trees. The advantages of the mildly context sensitive lexical JG-TAG system proposed in this paper can expand the domain of locality for JG trees, simplify lexical rules by attaching them to supertag class trees and draw on the extensive NLP experience using TAG based systems to benefit JG. TAG could likely also benefit from junctions, ordering, and multiple tree enhancements from Junction Grammar.

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons By Mark Nichol Semicolons, used to separate two independent clauses or two or more words and/or phrases in a list when at least one phrase is itself a list whose items are separated by commas, are sometimes erroneously employed when those conditions do not exist. Here are three such sentences, each followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments; adds extraterritorial scope; and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation. A long sentence that lists several things with extended phrasing does not merit semicolons; commas are sufficient the separate the elements: â€Å"The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments, adds extraterritorial scope, and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation.† 2. The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations; position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise; and enable organizations to become more anticipatory. This sentence does not require semicolons, either- â€Å"rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise† is clearly parenthetical to the second item, not part of a list within a list: â€Å"The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations, position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise, and enable organizations to become more anticipatory.† (Notice how each item begins with a verb, signaling a clear syntactical structure.) 3. Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines; virtual reality; mobile technologies; cloud computing; social business; and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change. Only one item in this list itself consists of a list, and it is the last item, so no confusion about the organization of the sentence is likely: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, social business, and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† An alternative is to set the final item apart from the others: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, and social business, as well as smart grids, factories, and cities, in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† This version also avoids the cluttered look of a semicolon-laden sentence, though it makes the sentence slightly more complex. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Gorgosaurus - Facts and Figures

Gorgosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Gorgosaurus (Greek for fierce lizard); pronounced GORE-go-SORE-us Habitat: Floodplains of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; sharp teeth; stunted arms    About Gorgosaurus In many ways, Gorgosaurus was your garden-variety tyrannosaurnot quite as big (or as famous) as Tyrannosaurus Rex, but every bit as dangerous from the point of view of smaller, herbivorous dinosaurs. What really sets Gorgosaurus apart among paleontologists is that this dinosaur has left an unusually large number of well-preserved specimens (from Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada), making it one of the best-represented tyrannosaurs in the fossil record. Gorgosaurus is believed to have occupied the same North American territory as another fairly generic tyrannosaur, Daspletosaurusand some experts think it might really have been a species of yet another tyrannosaur genus, Albertosaurus. This confusion can be attributed to the fact that Gorgosaurus was discovered about 100 years ago (by the famous paleontologist Lawrence M. Lambe), at a time when much less was known about the evolutionary relationships and characteristics of theropod dinosaurs. One interesting analysis of the growth patterns of Gorgosaurus has concluded that this tyrannosaur had an unusually long juvenile phase, after which it underwent a sudden growth spurt (in the course of two or three years) and achieved its full adult size. This implies that juvenile and full-grown tyrannosaurs inhabited different ecological niches during the late Cretaceous period, and probably subsisted on different prey as well. (And if you have hungry toddlers at home, imagine what it means for a one-ton dinosaur to go through a growth spurt!)

Simple staining and Gram staining Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simple staining and Gram staining - Lab Report Example Microbiology is a branch of biology which is considered vital in bringing a profound understanding of microorganisms and how they effect and react on other living organisms. Microbes are tiny organisms that can only be seen with an aid of a microscope. The tiny nature of microbes has revolutionized the use of stains to aid in having a vivid and transparent picture of microbes under microscope (Ryu 60). Because the bacterial cell is transparent, motile and difficult to see when using microscope, cells are stained to make them more visible. Staining tends to provide a reliable and clear means for observing bacteria’s morphology, relative size, and cellular arrangement. Gram staining and simple staining are the ultimate procedures that were used. 1. Place a loopful of culture into a test tube consisting of sterile distilled water so as to make a suspension of bacterial cells on the water. Place that bacterial suspension on a clear or clean slide. This will give room for the bacteria to air dry. 2. Heat fixing the bacteria cells by passing the slide quickly over the flame (Bunsen burner) three or four times, ensuring that the glass surface is exposed to the flame. Ensure that the slide is not so hot to be uncomfortable when touch. Simple stains allow us to distinguish the ultimate shape (morphology) of the mounted bacteria. Bacillus Subtillus and E. coli turned out to be rod-shaped. Many bacilli tend to occur singularly, but in some cases, chains are also observed. Bacilli are greatly in diameter and length. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are spherical (cocci). They may culminate singularly, in clusters such as Staphylococcus aureus or others in pairs such as Streptococcus pneumonia. R. rubrum was observed to be a curved bacterium (spirillum). It culminates singularly. The bacteria that stains blue is considered to be a Gram-positive while the bacteria that stains pink is considered to be Gram negative.

Assignment 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

3 - Assignment Example ossessed, populated, containing multiunit accommodations like flats or apartments, having elevated mobility rate of residents and containing families with family issues such as separations or divorces or having single parents. Such communities are not only disorganized, but also play a role in increased causation of crime. Parents in such communities are usually poor and are unable to socialize their children against crime. They wait for the time when they get a chance to change their community. The people of such communities do not work towards welfare of community as they are over burdened with their own family issues (McNeeley, 2014). The inner city areas are largely inhabited by minorities that are usually discriminated and poor form socially disorganized communities. The increase in such communities is because of reduced employment opportunities, reduced wages, migration of people and governmental policies with lacking social services to the poor. The social disorganization theories cannot only explain the occurrence of street violence in todays inner-city communities, but also offer ways to organize such communities. The delinquent activities such as street violence can be deterred by attending to the root causes of crime by analyzing the theories and reading the behavior of criminals in the light of their placement in socially disorganized setups (McNeeley, 2014). The behavior of Silvio and Armando is explainable in the light of social disorganization theory. Ariella, their mother, a single parent got homeless with her children after which, she got into a community of homeless people. As described by the social disorganization theory, these communities contain homeless, poor, economically deprived and people with family issues, so Ariella’s family was one among them. She tried to take care of her children by taking them to museums, concerts and restaurants, but their residing places were usually more crime affected. People in the communities where they

Mail order brides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mail order brides - Essay Example Rapid technological development can give a lot of numerous possibilities to look for a partner, and one of these ways is mail order bride business. Great amount of women around the world try to find their love in the Internet, and many of them even don’t think of possible risks and problems they can meet. Many women believe that potential rich and respectable grooms from abroad will automatically provide their well-being and happiness, but these people overlook numerous facts of exploitation of women through mail order brides business. Furthermore, it is often very difficult for women to defend their rights and resolve their problems resulted from their trustfulness and aspiration for happiness. This paper will discuss the main features of mail order brides business, explain and evaluate the basic factors of mail order brides business relation to the exploitation of women. The thesis of the paper is that these factors are: geographical location, income level, education and rac e. 2. There are some significant features of mail order brides business which determine its unique character. One of the main features of this business is its popularity in the Internet as a good way to earn money, give and get appropriate information. In spite of severe competition at mail order brides market there is great amount of Internet services which offer and provide this business: "The international 'mail-order bride' industry has been proliferating in recent years, using the internet as a high-powered engine to reach an unprecedented number of clients. A Google search for 'mail-order brides' results in 590,000 websites, including 'The Mail-Order Bride Warehouse' (SIECUS International)". So, the business has gained mass character and is constantly developing and growing. Another feature of mail order bride business: people who use this service have many ways to hide their real image, attitude and some individual personal features which could play appropriate role for those who would be interested in contact. People try to display themselves as ideal lovers, true partners and friends who earn much money and are ready to give their potential partners love and happiness. It is rather difficult to check reliability of such individual and specific information - so, only personal meeting can help open real truth. Global scale of such activity leads to numerous facts of abusing and human rights violation, such as women and children trafficking and sex exploitation of women: "the stories of women who come to the U.S. as mail-order brides only to suffer exploitation, abuse, or murder are coming to light. As a result, the industry is facing increased scrutiny from people concerned about the implications mail-order marriages (SIECUS International)". 5. There are some important factors of mail order brides business which lead to the exploitation of women. It is possible to outline some key regions women of which are involved in mail order bride business. These regions are: third world countries (Asia, Latin America), Russia and Eastern Europe. As a rule, women from poor countries show their interest for rich European and American grooms in the Internet; and men from rich European countries, USA and Canada use this tendency: "Potential 'mail-order brides' are typically young women from countries experiencing economic distress and widespread subordination of women. Most of these women are under intense pressure to marry (SIECUS International)". So, one of this business factors is region. Women from these countries are usually obedient, pliable and

Assignment Work Within A Legal And Efficical Time Frame Essay Example for Free

Assignment Work Within A Legal And Efficical Time Frame Essay 1. Why is it important for a worker in the Community Services Industry to follow their job description? Because we have a duty of care to our clients and following our job description is the way we can give our clients the best way to provide a profession standard of service. And keeping in line with the polices kept in place by the organisation. 2. Define the term policy. A policy are rules set out that need to be followed. 3. Define the term procedure. A procedure is a step by step way of how a organisation achieves its desire goal. Why do Community Services Industry workers need to work within agency policy and procedures? Provide three (3) reasons. Ensure they do they do their job properly So No unnecessary harm is caused to the client To provide a proper duty of care to the client 4. Give five examples of areas that should be covered in a policy/procedure manual. Occupational health and safety Duty of care Communication Mandatory Reporting (child abuse) Case management procedure 5. Define the term legislation. Legislation are laws which have been enforced by the state or federal government. 6. Define the term statutory requirements? An act that requires you to do something or not do something is a statutory requirement. 7. Define the term regulatory requirements? Regulatory requirements are rules that tell you how a service should be run. 8. List three pieces of legislation impacting on the Community Services Industry and state the purpose of each. Legislation has the word ‘Act’ in the title. 9. When gathering personal information from a client, what do you need to tell them? Task B Case Study Read the following case study: You are a family and community worker employed by a community-based organisation that is located in a public housing estate. You have been working with the following family for a number of months. Julie has four children, aged 2-10 years old, and lives in a public housing estate in ‘Springvale’. You became involved with Julie’s family when she moved to the estate, having left Bill, the father of her children, due to experiencing domestic violence. Julie was granted public housing due to her single parent status, and she is receiving Parenting Payment (Single) from Centrelink. She was referred to your service, regarding her issues of isolation and parenting difficulties with her elder children. The focus of your intervention has been supporting Julie in her parenting role, linking her with community resources and developing budgeting skills. Julie has never been notified to the state child protection services for suspected abuse of her children. During recent visits, you are becoming increasingly concerned about Julie’s lifestyle. Arriving at Julie’s place in the morning, the flat  is very chaotic, the older kids are always rushing off late to school, and the flat is very messy, with unwashed dishes and scraps of food lying around. The younger children seem to always be watching TV and there is evidence of heavy drinking the night before. On your last visit, Julie informed you that Bill was moving in with her and the kids. Despite Bill’s heavy drinking, Julie is very lonely and not coping with the kids well on her own. She plans to keep this a secret from Centrelink and the state public housing department, as she may no longer be eligible for her financial benefits or subsidised housing. While you acknowledge Julie’s feelings of isolation, you are very concerned for the children’s safety if Bill returns to the family home. You decide that you need to discuss some of these recent developments with Julie. You are aware that Bill is very ‘anti-community workers’ and may react very negatively if he is there when you turn up. He has a history of bullying and threatening behaviour with community agencies that have assisted the family in the past. Answer the following questions based on the case study: 1. How would you find out what your roles and responsibilities are as a family worker? 2. In this case study what would be your roles and responsibilities as the worker? 3. Consult the attached Job Description. From the job description state three (3) key responsibilities and discuss how you could apply each of the responsibilities to this family. 4. As the worker, identify and discuss two (2) ethical dilemmas in this case study. You need to state the ethical dilemmas from the learning material and discuss why it could be a dilemma for you as a worker. 5. What principles of ethical decision making would you need to be aware of when dealing with the ethical dilemmas you identified, and why? 6. Identify the factors that contribute to risk of harm of the children in this case study. 7. Identify and discuss your duty of care in relation to each family member? 8. If you were unsure about how to proceed in working with this family, what would you do next? Read the next part of the case study and answer the following questions: In the course of your work with Julie and her family, Julie expresses dissatisfaction about your work with her family. She is adamant that you have a vendetta against Bill, and that you have breached her confidentiality by discussing her situation with other services (such as Centrelink) and is accusing you of acting unprofessionally. 9. Identify Julie’s rights in this situation. 10. Identify the legislation that supports client complaints in this industry. Legislation has the word â€Å"Act† in the title. 11. Discuss how you would deal with Julie’s complaint. Task C Answer the following questions: 1. From the learning material, identify a model for working through issues and dealing with ethical dilemmas. 2. From the learning material, identify the significant ethical guidelines in the Community Services Industry. 3. From the learning material, identify ways that we can ensure client rights are upheld. 4. From the learning material, identify the basic organisational procedures that you will need to follow when managing a complaint. 5. At what point would you consider using an advocate or an advocacy service? 6. Define these terms: Abuse Neglect Risk Job Description Position:Family Support Worker Location:Springvale Community Services (SCS) Classification:Community Services Worker Grade 3 Social and Community Services Employees (State) Award Hours of Duty: Full time position – 38 hrs/week Position Objectives To support community, families and individuals as an advocate, point of referral and/or resource. Within Organisation Compliance with Springvale Community Service’s Code of Conduct, Goals and Objectives, Mission Statement and Policies and Procedures Compliance with all relevant Legislation, Regulations and Awards Compliance with relevant government funding requirements Compliance with individual scope of practice Maintain privacy and confidentiality of information within SCS Promote a positive image of SCS Maintain a commitment to SCS’s Corporate Plan Liaise with community service providers to plan and engage direct service provision Maintain effective communication and interpersonal skills Efficient and effective utilisation of resources as allocated under the level of responsibility for the position Key Responsibilities Provide direct services to families and individuals that encompass, in consultation with the client(s), identification of issues/needs and implementation of a mutually agreed plan of referral and/or resource acquisition. Provide referral of clients to appropriate / specialist services as required At the request of the client, act as an advocate and/or support for clients accessing referral services and other agencies. Work  within relevant legislation, regulations, codes of practice/conduct and organisational policy and procedures. Maintain factual and objective client records acknowledging the provision of the Privacy Act. Provide outreach services, as required Submit monthly operational and statistical report to the Co-ordinator of Springvale Community Services Perform other duties as requested by the Co-ordinator Actively participate in weekly staff meetings Participate in and contribute to the overall Springvale Community Services Strategic Plan Provide a weekly planner at beginning of each week outlining activities relating to the position role to the Co-ordinator Maintain ongoing professional development ensuring up-to-date knowledge of legislation, referral resources and current professional practices Reporting Relationships